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août 31, 2026Genetic Polymorphisms in Cytokine Genes and their Association withSusceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Yaoundé, Cameroon
août 31, 2026Marie Nicole Ngoufack
Abstract
Background: Correspondence Analysis (CA) is a graphical method that help to analyse categorical variables. Biologists frequently use Odd Ratio (OR) as association measure on data collected from multiple variables. CA seems to be an underused method in biology. The objective of this study was to discriminate the mutated genotype of the CCR2 gene implicated to the increased risk of HIV transmission from mother to child using CA.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was carried out in the North Region of Cameroon. Genotyping was carried out using biological techniques like Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). Statistical analyses were performed using the IBM-SPSS version 26 and STATA version 19. Odd Ratios (OR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) were used as measure of association. CA was used to graphically discriminate whether a potential effect of mutation on HIV transmission was due to mutant homozygous or heterozygous genotype.
Results: Mothers carrying the mutated phenotype were 1.2 times more likely to have HIV-infected children compared to those without mutation (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: [0.5, 3.0]); thus, CCR2 mutated phenotype in mothers increased the risk of transmission. Nevertheless, the use OR can’t permit to discriminate the genotype that was more responsible. Correspondence analysis showed that GA genotype (heterozygous) in mothers was closer to HIV+ compared to AA genotype which was more distant. This implied that the heterozygous genotype of the CCR2-64I gene was mainly responsible for the increased risk to have an HIV-infected child.
Conclusion: CA was able to discriminate genotypes mainly responsible to HIV MTCT. In biological studies involving many categorical variables, we recommend CA as complementary method to find associations between gene mutations and HIV transmission after using odd ratio as measure of association.
Keywords: Genotypes, HIV, correspondence analysis, Cameroon